Commentary

Occupational Licensing Costs Hurt Working Class Michiganders

Which profession requires upwards of $10,000 in education costs, over $200 in state fees, and 1,800 hours of training to enter: emergency medical technician (EMT) or barber?

The correct answer is barber.

In terms of time and cost, a prospective EMT can obtain an occupational license, required by the state of Michigan, much more easily than a prospective barber. For example, Baker College’s EMT certification program costs $6,600 and takes six months to complete. Completing a barber certification program in Michigan takes two years.

This example is not to criticize EMTs or question their ability to do their job but to praise the fact that their certification burden is less. Shorter and simpler requirements are better for EMTs and patients. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates the EMT profession will grow 24 percent from 2014 to 2024, while the barber profession will grow 10 percent. Simplifying the certification processes will allow people to become EMTs more quickly and meet the growing demand.

In a 2012 study, the Institute for Justice looked at licensing requirements. In Michigan, the burden to obtain a barber’s license was the 9th-greatest of the 42 occupations studied, while the EMT's burden ranked 22nd. IJ also reported that an average of 26 days of education is necessary for an EMT’s license but a barber's license requires 467.

Simplified licensing procedures do not correlate with unprofessional behavior among EMTs. According to the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, since 2010, only one EMT was reported for breaking protocol. Furthermore, a shorter certification process need not lead to poorly trained EMTs. As with most careers, much of an EMT's training takes place on the job and through continuing education courses.

Occupational licenses disproportionally harm the poor. Although most middle-class individuals could pay at least $10,000 to get a barber’s license, people with lower incomes cannot afford these costs, so they are not able to become licensed. Minority workers are also more affected.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, barbers earned a median salary of $23,710 in 2015, or $11.40 an hour. EMTs in 2015 earned a median salary of $31,980, or $15.38 an hour.

Proponents of occupational licenses usually say they safeguard public health. In reality, licenses burden low and middle-income families, while providing negligible benefits to the public. An EMT’s job is certainly health-related, but a barber’s job does not require government involvement. And no evidence shows that adding more requirements to the EMT license, or the state's requirements for the barber, protects the public.

Michigan should remove occupational licenses that are not shown to protect public health and safety. The state's rules for barbers, manicurists, cosmetologists, and other lines of work are overly broad and do not serve consumers.

Michigan Capitol Confidential is the news source produced by the Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Michigan Capitol Confidential reports with a free-market news perspective.

News Story

MSU Drops Algebra From Graduation Requirements

'Quantitative learning' classes to take its place

Michigan State University is the latest public university to tweak its general education curriculum, favoring quantitative courses over traditional math courses.

The math requirement can now be fulfilled by taking two “quantitative learning” classes as an alternative, though students can choose algebra and one quantitative course, the Lansing State Journal reports.

“The one-size-fits-all college algebra approach wasn’t working for all students,” Vince Melfi, an associate professor of statistics, told the Lansing State Journal.

Previously, MSU’s basic math graduation requirement for most students included an algebra class. Students could also test out of the requirement or use transfer credit.

MSU administrators argue that the quantitative learning courses will allow students to better understand math’s real-life functions.

“An important part of these courses is to go beyond just manipulating symbols on a page and coming up with the right answer, and to reflect on what those answers mean in a specific context,” Melfi said, according to Inside Higher Ed. For example, an understanding of probability would prepare students for daily tasks such as understanding a New York Times article on medicine, Inside Higher Ed notes.

“We’re trying to present mathematics in a way that makes it more accessible and understandable,” Melfi said. “Much of mathematics was developed in order to understand the real world. When students are encountering questions in their personal or professional lives, they should be thinking about mathematics and quantitative reasoning as tools they might use.”

Last month, Wayne State University dropped its university-wide mathematics requirement, and a committee proposed adding a required three-credit-hour diversity course to the general education curriculum.

The university cited adequate high school mathematics requirements as a reason for the curriculum change. "This decision was made largely because the current (math) requirement is at a level already required by most high school mathematics curriculum," WSU said.

According to Inside Higher Ed, Michigan State’s Provost Doug Estry said the change at his university will mostly affect students who take majors outside of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).

Others noted that the new quantitative requirement might leave students ill-prepared if they take advanced math courses later in their college careers.

“There is some hazard of the student having gotten an inaccurate picture of what advanced mathematics might be like,” Thomas Barr of the American Mathematical Society, who supports MSU’s new policy, told Inside Higher Ed. “But that’s not a deep concern, because I believe the sort of student who wants to go on into advanced mathematics will recognize it early on. And if they really have an inclination for that, they’ll be able to deal with that transition.”

In the 2015-16 fiscal year, MSU received $268.3 million — 21.2 percent of its revenues — from Michigan taxpayers as state aid. Tuition for in-state undergraduate students is $14,880 in 2016-17, according to MSU’s financial aid office.

The university did not respond to a request for comment.

Michigan Capitol Confidential is the news source produced by the Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Michigan Capitol Confidential reports with a free-market news perspective.