There are nine firefighters working for the Superior Township fire department. And all were paid more in 2010 than the supervisor, thanks to an average of $29,662 per person of overtime.

It wasn’t because of an unusually high amount of fires. Superior Township had 10 structure fires in 2010. Instead, it’s because anytime any firefighter takes a vacation or misses a day of work, his spot is automatically filled using overtime due to what is referred to in the industry as “minimum staffing.”

Superior Township Supervisor William McFarlane made $73,603 in 2010, according to financial documents released by the township. The nine firefighters’ pay in 2010 ranged from $76,623 to $97,579. One firefighter took home $44,016 in overtime.

Firefighters in Superior Township work 24-hour shifts and 2,756 hours per year. Superior Township is just north of Ann Arbor and has about 13,000 residents.

McFarlane said the firefighters’ overtime was planned. He said it was cheaper than hiring three more firefighters and that the overtime was necessary to provide the level of service that residents demand. He also said that it was difficult to find quality on-call firefighters as replacements.

“It’s an informed decision to keep the cost down and still preserve the service,” McFarlane said. “We have strong support for our fire department. “

David Phillips, the Superior Township clerk, said the overtime amounts were not surprising.

“We’ve looked at this issue,” Phillips said. “We know the costs to our residents. … This is the level of protection we want to provide our citizens.”

Jack McHugh, legislative analyst for the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, said the “artificial” minimum staffing requirements allow firefighters to make a lot of overtime regardless of whether they are out on call or in the fire station.

By allowing rigid overtime pay standards, Superior Township officials have “constructed a cost-increase trap from which they can see no way out,” McHugh wrote in an email.

“Escaping the trap first requires officials to accept their duty to place taxpayers and citizens ahead of all other interests,” McHugh wrote. “One consequence of doing so may be a realistic reassessment of genuine public safety needs given certain realities, including many nearby fire departments that regularly cooperate, and the relatively tiny number of dangerous fires that seriously threaten the community.”

(Editor’s note: A version of this commentary appeared in the Lansing State Journal on April 18, 2011.)

A visitor to the Wayne State University’s Labor Studies Center website in early April would have encountered a page stating, “Our site is under construction.” The department was re-examining the site’s content in light of a Freedom of Information Act request submitted by the Mackinac Center. A university official said it was making sure parts of its website were not in conflict with Michigan law.

WSU’s action validates my organization’s concern that the Labor Studies Center was perhaps engaging in politics and not just academics. Yet our efforts to examine WSU’s use of public resources led some to assert that our FOIA request had “political overtones” and was “purposely intimidating.” This is simply untrue.

Imagine a public university medical school where the professors teach medicine but also use official resources and taxpayer money to organize Tea Party rallies and help activists seek the repeal of ObamaCare. There would be a justified public outcry. Yet this is precisely the situation in Michigan, except it is labor relations faculty apparently helping organized labor achieve its political goals.

The purpose of our records request was to investigate why, for example, WSU’s labor studies website:

• Described department activities as helping “local leaders develop local strategies for building power.”
• Stated that if labor groups continue “building coalitions,” “mobilizing aggressive political action” and “developing and enacting progressive economic policies” they will be “laying the groundwork for helping to lead the future of their regions.”
• Directed users to dozens of union and political websites.
• Explained that “starting points” for “researching your employer” include “The Dirt Diggers Digest” and the Strategic Action Center, which “is designed to assist progressive organizations with campaign needs.”

When we publicly explained — after our FOIA requests drew national attention as well as bomb and death threats to the Center — why we were seeking certain information, the references and pages outlined above began to quickly and quietly disappear from WSU’s website, but not before we had preserved the originals. When we later published a lengthy description of the department’s activities, the site was removed completely, only to reappear a few days later minus the political activism.

This is not the first time the Center has raised this issue with Wayne State. A 2010 article by Ken Braun, managing editor of Michigan Capitol Confidential, pointed out similar concerns about the political nature of its labor studies website. After publication, the university relocated Web pages and hyperlinks to which the article referred.

The Labor Studies Center also attracted a campaign finance violation complaint in 2005 for allegedly advocating passage of a statewide ballot measure. The department’s public funding, history and activities made it a legitimate subject of inquiry. A June 2006 letter from the Michigan Secretary of State to the university stated “The Department of State concludes that there may be reason to believe that WSU violated” sections of the Michigan Campaign Finance Law “through materials posted on its web site discussing a ballot initiative to raise Michigan’s minimum wage.” The school took down the material in question after becoming aware of the complaint and no fines were issued, but the Secretary of State’s letter went on to say that the department “would consider future noncompliance” with the law “to be a knowing violation.” It is a misdemeanor crime under Michigan law to use public money for political purposes.

Only after months of waiting for university officials to explain why the apparent political activity is within their tax-funded mission did we file a request for public documents. At the same time, we filed similar requests with labor studies departments at two other Michigan public universities. Comparing the three universities’ responses to the same request provides useful context for our research.

Open records laws help the public guarantee that government employees are using public resources properly. It is certainly possible for open records requests to be abusive, but it should be remembered that FOIA laws contain checks and balances against purely speculative inquiries and protect government workers’ private information as well as proprietary information.

Private-sector workers typically may not use their employers’ resources, including computers, for politics or personal gain. Public employees are similarly constrained. What tax-funded employees do with their own resources is their own business. But if they use public resources for politics, it becomes a matter of public concern.

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Joseph G. Lehman is president of the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, a research and educational institute headquartered in Midland, Mich. Permission to reprint in whole or in part is hereby granted, provided that the author and the Center are properly cited.