Michigan taxpayers will subsidize data centers that use millions of gallons of water each day if the state enacts a bill that narrowly passed the House Wednesday.

The Michigan House approved Senate Bill 237 on a vote of 56-41. The bill exempts data center equipment and enterprise data center uses from the use tax. The exemption could be a windfall for data centers that use large water supplies in their operations.

The tax break would continue until 2050, and in some cases, 2065. The Senate Fiscal Agency said large data centers can consume anywhere from one million to five million gallons of water per day.

The bill would reduce state and local revenue by an unknown amount. The reduction would be at least $52.5 million through fiscal year 2065-66, but that figure depends on many factors and could exceed $90 million.

The bill would require a total capital investment of $250 million for a facility located on a brownfield plan. A qualifying facility would also have to create at least 30 new jobs with an annual wage equal to 150% or more of the region’s median wage through Dec. 31, 2050.

The House failed to pass a similar measure, House Bill 4906, that would have given data centers a break on sales taxes as well.

The bill will give companies tax breaks while allowing water and electricity costs to be passed onto ratepayers, a policy associate with the Michigan Environmental Justice Coalition told Michigan Capitol Confidential in an email.

“These bills continue a failed trend of tax subsidies for big corporations as a substitute for real investment in our communities, and they include clear loopholes allowing significant costs to be passed along to ordinary ratepayers,” Chris Gilmer-Hill wrote. “Michigan needs forward-facing investments in our communities and protections for our clean air and water, not big-tech tax handouts that sacrifice the wellbeing of our most vulnerable communities for no real benefit to working Michiganders.”

Worldwide, data centers consume about 3% of the world's total electric supply and produce 2% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, according to Senate analysts.

Michigan’s residential electricity rates are the highest in the Midwest at 19.66 cents per kilowatt hour, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

A data center would be welcome if its owner paid for power and water usage, John Mozena, president of the Center for Economic Accountability, told CapCon in an email, but the state should not subsidize data centers that provide little economic benefit.

“At a time when the state is grappling with the question of how we keep the lights on despite an aging fleet of power plants and how we make sure that the water in homes and schools across the state is clean and safe, it’s obscene for our government to be throwing millions of dollars at corporations that are perfectly capable of paying their own way,” Mozena wrote.

Michigan’s employment numbers headed in the wrong direction in August, marking the third consecutive month for a state that suffered a net job loss even while 32 states reported an increase in employment.

Michigan lost 2,200 jobs during August, according to the state Department of Technology, Management & Budget. The Michigan labor force was down by 7,200.

Since January, Michigan has had the second-worst performance in the nation, losing 12,000 jobs. Employment in 29 states increased, however. Idaho gained the most jobs.

“Michigan’s labor market is trending down at a time when the country is adding jobs,” said James Hohman, director of fiscal policy at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy. “Lawmakers ought to care a lot more about improving Michigan’s business climate because the state has been falling behind,” he added.

The state’s employment picture has been declining since May, Hohman told Michigan Capitol Confidential. The number of employed people declined by 28,302, or 0.6%. The only other state that has fared worse is Minnesota.

Michigan suffered an 11,200 job loss since June, the fifth-worst record in the nation.

It is easy to be confused when some news stories report unemployment numbers while others focus on jobless numbers. The two measures are different, and according to the Economic Policy Institute, the unemployment rate understates the weakness of job opportunities.

There are a large number of what the institute calls “missing workers.” These people are not employed or actively seeking a job. “In other words, these are people who would be either working or looking for work if job opportunities were significantly stronger,” the institute said.

The institute states because of this distinction, jobless workers are only counted as unemployed if they are actively seeking work.